EAT Attestation Results

Internet-Draft	EAR	November 2024
Fossati, et al.	Expires 23 May 2025	[Page]

Abstract

This document defines the EAT Attestation Result (EAR) message format.¶

EAR is used by a verifier to encode the result of the appraisal over an attester's evidence. It embeds an AR4SI's "trustworthiness vector" to present a normalized view of the evaluation results, thus easing the task of defining and computing authorization policies by relying parties. Alongside the trustworthiness vector, EAR provides contextual information bound to the appraisal process. This allows a relying party (or an auditor) to reconstruct the frame of reference in which the trustworthiness vector was originally computed. EAR supports simple devices with one attester as well as composite devices that are made of multiple attesters, allowing the state of each attester to be separately examined. EAR can also accommodate registered and unregistered extensions. It can be serialized and protected using either CWT or JWT.¶

3. EAT Attestation Result

EAR is an EAT token which can be serialized as JWT [RFC7519] or CWT [RFC8392].¶

The EAR claims-set is as follows:¶

EAR = {
  eat.profile => "tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear"
  iat => int
  ear.verifier-id => ar4si.verifier-id
  ? ear.raw-evidence => ear-bytes
  eat.submods => { + text => EAR-appraisal }
  ? eat.nonce => eat.nonce-type
  * $$ear-extension
}

Figure 1: EAR (CDDL Definition)

Where:¶

eat.profile (mandatory): The EAT profile (Section 6 of [I-D.ietf-rats-eat]) associated with the EAR claims-set and encodings defined by this document. It MUST be the following tag URI ([RFC4151]) tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear.¶
iat (mandatory): "Issued At" claim -- the time at which the EAR is issued. See Section 4.1.6 of [RFC7519] and Section 4.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-rats-eat] for the EAT-specific encoding restrictions (i.e., disallowing the floating point representation).¶
ear.verifier-id (mandatory): Identifying information about the appraising verifier. See Section 3.1 for further details on its structure and serialization.¶
ear.raw-evidence (optional): The unabridged evidence submitted for appraisal, including any signed container/envelope. This field may be consumed by other Verifiers in multi-stage verification scenarios or by auditors. There are privacy considerations associated with this claim. See Section 8.¶
eat.submods (mandatory): A submodule map (Section 4.2.18 of [I-D.ietf-rats-eat]) holding one EAR-appraisal for each separately appraised attester. The map MUST contain at least one entry. For each appraised attester the verifier chooses a unique label. For example, when evidence is in EAT format, the label could be constructed from the associated EAT profile. A verifier SHOULD publicly and permanently document its labelling scheme for each supported evidence type, unless EAR payloads are produced and consumed entirely within a private deployment. See Section 3.2 for the details about the contents of an EAR-appraisal.¶
eat.nonce (optional): A user supplied nonce that is echoed by the verifier to provide freshness. The nonce is a sequence of bytes between 8 and 64 bytes long. When serialized as JWT, the nonce MUST be base64 encoded, resulting in a string between 12 and 88 bytes long. See Section 4.1 of [I-D.ietf-rats-eat].¶
$$ear-extension (optional): Any registered or unregistered extension. An EAR extension MUST be a map. See Section 4 for further details.¶

3.1. Verifier Software Identification

Section 2.2.2 of [I-D.ietf-rats-ar4si] defines an information model for identifying the software that runs the verifier. The ar4si.verifier-id claim provides its serialization as follows:¶

ar4si.verifier-id = {
  build => text
  developer => text
}

Figure 2: Verifier Software Identification Claim (CDDL Definition)

Where:¶

build (mandatory): A text string that uniquely identifies the software build running the verifier.¶
developer (mandatory): A text string that uniquely identifies the organizational unit responsible for this build.¶

3.2. EAR Appraisal Claims

EAR-appraisal = {
  ear.status => $ar4si.trust-tier
  ? ear.trustworthiness-vector => ar4si.trustworthiness-vector
  ? ear.appraisal-policy-id => text
  * $$ear-appraisal-extension
}

Figure 3: EAR Appraisal Claims (CDDL Definition)

ear.status (mandatory): The overall appraisal status for this attester represented as one of the four trustworthiness tiers (Section 3.2.2). The value of this claim MUST be set to a tier of no higher trust than the tier corresponding to the worst trustworthiness claim across the entire trustworthiness vector.¶
ear.trustworthiness-vector (optional): The AR4SI trustworthiness vector providing the breakdown of the appraisal for this attester. See Section 3.2.1 for the details. This claim MUST be present unless the party requesting Evidence appraisal explicitly asks for it to be dropped, e.g., via an API parameter or similar arrangement. Such consumer would therefore rely entirely on the semantics of the ear.status claim. This behaviour is NOT RECOMMENDED because of the resulting loss of quality of the appraisal result.¶
ear.appraisal-policy-id (optional): An unique identifier of the appraisal policy used to evaluate the attestation result.¶
$$ear-appraisal-extension (optional): Any registered or unregistered extension. An EAR appraisal extension MUST be a map. See Section 4 for further details.¶

3.2.1. Trustworthiness Vector

The ar4si-trustworthiness-vector claim is an embodiment of the AR4SI trustworthiness vector (Section 2.3.5 of [I-D.ietf-rats-ar4si]) and it is defined as follows:¶

ar4si.trustworthiness-vector = non-empty<{
  ? instance-identity => $ar4si.trustworthiness-claim
  ? configuration => $ar4si.trustworthiness-claim
  ? executables => $ar4si.trustworthiness-claim
  ? file-system => $ar4si.trustworthiness-claim
  ? hardware => $ar4si.trustworthiness-claim
  ? runtime-opaque => $ar4si.trustworthiness-claim
  ? storage-opaque => $ar4si.trustworthiness-claim
  ? sourced-data => $ar4si.trustworthiness-claim
}>

$ar4si.trustworthiness-claim = -128..127

Figure 4: Trustworthiness Vector (CDDL Definition)

It contains an entry for each one of the eight AR4SI appraisals that have been conducted on the submitted evidence (Section 2.3.4 of [I-D.ietf-rats-ar4si]). The value of each entry is chosen in the -128..127 range according to the rules described in Sections 2.3.3 and 2.3.4 of [I-D.ietf-rats-ar4si]. All categories are optional. A missing entry means that the verifier makes no claim about this specific appraisal facet because the category is not applicable to the submitted evidence. As required by the non-empty macro, at least one entry MUST be present in the vector.¶

3.2.2. Trust Tiers

The trust tier type represents one of the equivalency classes in which the $ar4si-trustworthiness-claim space is partitioned. See Section 2.3.2 of [I-D.ietf-rats-ar4si] for the details. The allowed values for the type are as follows:¶

$ar4si.trust-tier /= ar4si.trust-tier-none
$ar4si.trust-tier /= ar4si.trust-tier-affirming
$ar4si.trust-tier /= ar4si.trust-tier-warning
$ar4si.trust-tier /= ar4si.trust-tier-contraindicated

Figure 5: Trustworthiness Tiers (CDDL Definition)

3.3. JSON Serialisation

To serialize the EAR claims-set in JSON format, the following substitutions are applied to the encoding-agnostic CDDL definitions in Section 3, Section 3.2.1 and Section 3.2.2:¶

; $ar4si.trust-tier choice
ar4si.trust-tier-none = "none"
ar4si.trust-tier-affirming = "affirming"
ar4si.trust-tier-warning = "warning"
ar4si.trust-tier-contraindicated = "contraindicated"

; EAR JWT claims
ear.status = "ear.status"
ear.trustworthiness-vector = "ear.trustworthiness-vector"
ear.raw-evidence = "ear.raw-evidence"
ear.appraisal-policy-id = "ear.appraisal-policy-id"
ear.verifier-id = "ear.verifier-id"
; EAT JWT claims
eat.profile = "eat_profile"
eat.nonce = "eat_nonce"
eat.submods = "submods"
; JWT claims
iat = "iat"

; ar4si.trustworthiness-vector
instance-identity = "instance-identity"
configuration = "configuration"
executables = "executables"
file-system = "file-system"
hardware = "hardware"
runtime-opaque = "runtime-opaque"
storage-opaque = "storage-opaque"
sourced-data = "sourced-data"

; JSON types mapping
ear-bytes = text .regexp "[A-Za-z0-9_=-]+"
ear-label = text

; ar4si.verifier-id labels
developer = "developer"
build = "build"

; EAT
eat.nonce-type = base64-url-text .size (12..88)

3.3.1. Examples

The example in Figure 6 shows an EAR claims-set corresponding to a "contraindicated" appraisal, meaning the verifier has found some problems with the attester's state reported in the submitted evidence. Specifically, the identified issue is related to unauthorized code or configuration loaded in runtime memory (i.e., value 96 in the executables category). The appraisal is for a device with one attester labelled "PSA". Note that in case there is only one attester, the labelling can be freely chosen because there is no ambiguity.¶

{
  "eat_profile": "tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear",
  "iat": 1666529184,
  "ear.verifier-id": {
    "developer": "https://veraison-project.org",
    "build": "vts 0.0.1"
  },
  "ear.raw-evidence": "NzQ3MjY5NzM2NTYzNzQK",
  "submods": {
    "PSA": {
      "ear.status": "contraindicated",
      "ear.trustworthiness-vector": {
        "instance-identity": 2,
        "executables": 96,
        "hardware": 2
      },
      "ear.appraisal-policy-id":
        "https://veraison.example/policy/1/60a0068d"
    }
  }
}

Figure 6: JSON claims-set: contraindicated appraisal

The breakdown of the trustworthiness vector is as follows:¶

Instance Identity (affirming): recognized and not compromised¶
Configuration (warning): known vulnerabilities¶
Executables (contraindicated): contraindicated run-time¶
File System (none): no claim being made¶
Hardware (affirming): genuine¶
Runtime Opaque (none): no claim being made¶
Storage Opaque (none): no claim being made¶
Sourced Data (none): no claim being made¶

The example in Figure 7 contains the appraisal for a composite device with two attesters named "CCA Platform" and "CCA Realm" respectively. Both attesters have either "affirming" or (implicit) "none" values in their associated trustworthiness vectors. Note that the "none" values can refer to either an AR4SI category that is unapplicable for the specific attester (ideally, the applicability should be specified by the evidence format itself), or to the genuine lack of information at the attester site regarding the specific category. For example, the reference values for the "CCA Realm" executables (i.e., the confidential computing workload) may not be known to the CCA platform verifier. In such cases, it is up to the downstream entity (typically, the relying party) to complete the partial appraisal.¶

{
  "eat_profile": "tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear",
  "iat": 1666529300,
  "ear.verifier-id": {
    "developer": "https://veraison-project.org",
    "build": "vts 0.0.1"
  },
  "ear.raw-evidence": "NzQ3MjY5NzM2NTYzNzQKNzQ3MjY5NzM2NTYzNzQK",
  "submods": {
    "CCA Platform": {
      "ear.status": "affirming",
      "ear.trustworthiness-vector": {
        "instance-identity": 2,
        "executables": 2,
        "hardware": 2
      },
      "ear.appraisal-policy-id":
        "https://veraison.example/policy/1/60a0068d"
    },
    "CCA Realm": {
      "ear.status": "affirming",
      "ear.trustworthiness-vector": {
        "instance-identity": 2
      },
      "ear.appraisal-policy-id":
        "https://veraison.example/policy/1/60a0068d"
    }
  }
}

Figure 7: JSON claims-set: simple affirming appraisal

3.4. CBOR Serialisation

; $ar4si.trust-tier code-points
ar4si.trust-tier-none = 0
ar4si.trust-tier-affirming = 2
ar4si.trust-tier-warning = 32
ar4si.trust-tier-contraindicated = 96

; EAR CWT claims
ear.status = 1000
ear.trustworthiness-vector = 1001
ear.raw-evidence = 1002
ear.appraisal-policy-id = 1003
ear.verifier-id = 1004
; EAT CWT claims
eat.profile = 265
eat.nonce = 10
eat.submods= 266
; CWT claims
iat = 6

; ar4si.trustworthiness-vector keys
instance-identity = 0
configuration = 1
executables = 2
file-system = 3
hardware = 4
runtime-opaque = 5
storage-opaque = 6
sourced-data = 7

; CBOR type mappings
ear-bytes = bytes
ear-label = int / text

; ar4si.verifier-id keys
developer = 0
build = 1

; EAT
eat.nonce-type = bytes .size (8..64)

3.4.1. Examples

The example in Figure 8 is semantically equivalent to that in Figure 6. It shows the same "contraindicated" appraisal using the more compact CBOR serialization of the EAR claims-set.¶

{
  265: "tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear",
  6: 1666529184,
  1004: {
    0: "https://veraison-project.org",
    1: "vts 0.0.1"
  },
  1002: h'6C696665626F61746D616E',
  266: {
    "PSA": {
      1000: 96,
      1001: {
        0: 2,
        2: 96,
        4: 2
      },
      1003: "https://veraison.example/policy/1/60a0068d"
    }
  }
}

Figure 8: CBOR claims-set: contraindicated appraisal

4. EAR Extensions

EAR provides core semantics for describing the result of appraising attestation evidence. However, a given application may offer extra functionality to its relying parties, or tailor the attestation result to the needs of the application (e.g., TEEP [I-D.ietf-teep-protocol]). To accommodate such cases, both EAR and EAR-appraisal claims-sets can be extended by plugging new claims into the $$ear-extension (or $$ear-appraisal-extension, respectively) CDDL socket.¶

The rules that govern extensibility of EAR are those defined in [RFC8392] and [RFC7519] for CWTs and JWTs respectively.¶

An extension MUST NOT change the semantics of the EAR and EAR-appraisal claims-sets.¶

A receiver MUST ignore any unknown claim.¶

4.1. Unregistered claims

An application-specific extension will normally mint its claim from the "private space" - using integer values less than -65536 for CWT, and Public or Private Claim Names as defined in Sections 4.2 and 4.3 of [RFC7519] when serializing to JWT.¶

It is RECOMMENDED that JWT EARs use Collision-Resistant Public Claim Names (Section 2 of [RFC7519]) rather than Private Claim Names.¶

4.2. Registered claims

If an extension will be used across multiple applications, or is intended to be used across multiple environments, the associated extension claims SHOULD be registered in one, or both, the CWT and JWT claim registries.¶

In general, if the registration policy requires an accompanying specification document (as it is the case for "specification required" and "standards action"), such document SHOULD explicitly say that the extension is expected to be used in EAR claims-sets identified by this profile.¶

An up-to-date view of the registered claims can be obtained via the [IANA.cwt] and [IANA.jwt] registries.¶

4.3. Choosing between registered and unregistered claims

If an extension supports functionality of a specific application (e.g. Project Veraison Services), its claims MAY be registered.¶

If an extension supports a protocol that may be applicable across multiple applications or environments (e.g., TEEP), its claims SHOULD be registered.¶

Since, in general, there is no guarantee that an application will be confined within an environment, it is RECOMMENDED that extension claims that have meaning outside the application's context are always registered.¶

It is also possible that claims that start out as application-specific acquire a more stable meaning over time. In such cases, it is RECOMMENDED that new equivalent claims are created in the "public space" and are registered as described in Section 4.2. The original "private space" claims SHOULD then be deprecated by the application.¶

4.4. TEEP Extension

The TEEP protocol [I-D.ietf-teep-protocol] specifies the required claims that an attestation result must carry for a TAM (Trusted Application Manager) to make decisions on how to remediate a TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) that is out of compliance, or update a TEE that is requesting an authorized change.¶

The list is provided in Section 4.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-teep-protocol].¶

EAR defines a TEEP application extension for the purpose of conveying such claims.¶

$$ear-appraisal-extension //= (
  ear.teep-claims => ear-teep-claims
)

ear-teep-claims = non-empty<{
  ? eat.nonce => eat.nonce-type
  ? eat.ueid => eat.ueid-type
  ? eat.oemid => eat.oemid-type
  ? eat.hardware-model => eat.hardware-model-type
  ? eat.hardware-version => eat.hardware-version-type
  ? eat.manifests => eat.manifests-type
}>

Figure 9: TEEP Extension (CDDL Definition)

4.4.1. JSON Serialization

ear.teep-claims = "ear.teep-claims"

eat.ueid = "ueid"
eat.oemid = "oemid"
eat.hardware-model = "hwmodel"
eat.hardware-version = "hwversion"
eat.manifests = "manifests"

; cddl(1)-unsupported: .size (12..44)
eat.ueid-type = base64-url-text

eat.oemid-type = oemid-pen / oemid-ieee / oemid-random

; cddl(1)-unsupported: .size (4..44)
eat.hardware-model-type = base64-url-text

eat.hardware-version-type = [
  version:  tstr,
  ? scheme:  $version-scheme
]

eat.manifests-type = [ + manifest-format ]

manifest-format = [
  content-type:   coap-content-format,
  content-format: base64-url-text / text
]

coap-content-format = uint .le 65535

oemid-pen = int
; cddl(1)-unsupported: .size 4
oemid-ieee = base64-url-text
; cddl(1)-unsupported: .size 24
oemid-random = base64-url-text

Example:¶

{
  "eat_profile": "tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear",
  "iat": 1666529184,
  "ear.verifier-id": {
    "developer": "https://veraison-project.org",
    "build": "vts 0.0.1"
  },
  "ear.raw-evidence": "NzQ3MjY5NzM2NTYzNzQK",
  "submods": {
    "PSA": {
      "ear.status": "contraindicated",
      "ear.trustworthiness-vector": {
        "instance-identity": 2,
        "executables": 96,
        "hardware": 2
      },
      "ear.appraisal-policy-id":
        "https://veraison.example/policy/1/60a0068d",
      "ear.teep-claims": {
        "eat_nonce": "80FH7byS7VjfARIq0_KLqu6B9j-F79QtV6p",
        "ueid": "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyAh",
        "oemid": "Av8B",
        "hwmodel": "fJYq",
        "hwversion": ["1.2.5", 16384]
      }
    }
  }
}

4.4.2. CBOR Serialization

ear.teep-claims = 65000

eat.ueid = 256
eat.oemid = 258
eat.hardware-model = 259
eat.hardware-version = 260
eat.manifests = 273 ; XXX provisional

eat.ueid-type = bytes .size (7..33)
eat.oemid-type = oemid-pen / oemid-ieee / oemid-random
eat.hardware-model-type = bytes .size (1..32)

eat.hardware-version-type = [
  version: text
  ? scheme: $version-scheme
]

eat.manifests-type = [ + manifest-format ]

manifest-format = [
  content-type: coap-content-format
  content-format: bytes .cbor untagged-coswid
]

coap-content-format = uint .le 65535
untagged-coswid = bytes ; XXX should import coswid

oemid-pen = int
oemid-ieee = bytes .size 3
oemid-random = bytes .size 16

Example:¶

{
  265: "tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear",
  6: 1666529184,
  1004: {
    0: "https://veraison-project.org",
    1: "vts 0.0.1"
  },
  1002: h'6C696665626F61746D616E',
  266: {
    "PSA": {
      1000: 0,
      1001: {
        0: 2,
        1: 2,
        2: 2,
        4: 2
      },
      1003: "https://veraison.example/policy/1/60a0068d",
      65000: {
        10: h'948f8860d13a463e',
        256: h'0198f50a4ff6c05861c8860d13a638ea',
        258: 64242,
        259: h'ee80f5a66c1fb9742999a8fdab930893',
        260: ["1.2.5", 16384]
      }
    }
  }
}

4.5. Project Veraison Extensions

The Project Veraison verifier defines three private, application-specific extensions:¶

ear.veraison.annotated-evidence: JSON representation of the evidence claims-set, including any annotations provided by the Project Veraison verifier. There are privacy considerations associated with this claim. See Section 8.¶
ear.veraison.policy-claims: any extra claims added by the policy engine in the Project Veraison verifier.¶
ear.veraison.key-attestation: contains the public key part of a successfully verified attested key. The key is a DER encoded ASN.1 SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure (Section 4.1.2.7 of [RFC5280]).¶

$$ear-appraisal-extension //= (
  ear.veraison.annotated-evidence => ear-veraison-annotated-evidence
)

ear-veraison-annotated-evidence = {
  + ear-label => any
}

$$ear-appraisal-extension //= (
  ear.veraison.policy-claims => ear-veraison-policy-claims
)

ear-veraison-policy-claims = {
  + ear-label => any
}

$$ear-appraisal-extension //= (
  ear.veraison.key-attestation => ear-veraison-key-attestation
)

ear-veraison-key-attestation = {
   ear.veraison.attested-key-public => ear-bytes
}

Figure 10: Project Veraison Extensions (CDDL Definition)

4.5.1. JSON Serialization

ear.veraison.annotated-evidence = "ear.veraison.annotated-evidence"
ear.veraison.policy-claims = "ear.veraison.policy-claims"
ear.veraison.key-attestation = "ear.veraison.key-attestation"

ear.veraison.attested-key-public = "akpub"

Example:¶

{
  "eat_profile": "tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear",
  "iat": 1666529184,
  "ear.verifier-id": {
    "developer": "https://veraison-project.org",
    "build": "vts 0.0.1"
  },
  "ear.raw-evidence": "NzQ3MjY5NzM2NTYzNzQK",
  "submods": {
    "PSA_IOT": {
      "ear.status": "contraindicated",
      "ear.trustworthiness-vector": {
        "instance-identity": 2,
        "executables": 96,
        "hardware": 2
      },
      "ear.appraisal-policy-id":
        "https://veraison.example/policy/1/60a0068d",
      "ear.veraison.annotated-evidence": {
        "eat-profile": "http://arm.com/psa/2.0.0",
        "psa-client-id": 1,
        "psa-security-lifecycle": 12288,
        "psa-implementation-id":
          "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA=",
        "psa-software-components": [
          {
            "measurement-value":
              "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA=",
            "signer-id":
              "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA="
          },
          {
            "measurement-value":
              "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA=",
            "signer-id":
              "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA="
          }
        ],
        "psa-nonce":
          "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA=",
        "psa-instance-id":
          "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyAh",
        "psa-certification-reference": "1234567890123-12345"
      },
      "ear.veraison.policy-claims": {
        "psa-certified": {
          "certificate-number": "1234567890123-12345",
          "date-of-issue": "23/06/2022",
          "test-lab": "Riscure",
          "certification-holder": "ACME Inc.",
          "certified-product": "RoadRunner",
          "hardware-version": "Gizmo v1.0.2",
          "software-version": "TrustedFirmware-M v1.0.6",
          "certification-type": "PSA Certified Level 1 v2.1",
          "developer-type": "PSA Certified – Device"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Key attestation example:¶

{
  "eat_profile": "tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear",
  "iat": 1666529184,
  "ear.verifier-id": {
    "developer": "https://veraison-project.org",
    "build": "vts 0.0.1"
  },
  "ear.raw-evidence": "NzQ3MjY5NzM2NTYzNzQK",
  "submods": {
    "PARSEC_TPM": {
      "ear.status": "affirming",
      "ear.trustworthiness-vector": {
        "instance-identity": 2,
        "executables": 2,
        "hardware": 2
      },
      "ear.appraisal-policy-id":
        "https://veraison.example/policy/1/60a0068d",
      "ear.veraison.key-attestation": {
        "akpub":
          "MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIz___"
      }
    }
  }
}

4.5.2. CBOR Serialization

ear.veraison.annotated-evidence = -70000
ear.veraison.policy-claims = -70001
ear.veraison.key-attestation = -70002

ear.veraison.attested-key-public = 0

Example:¶

{
  265: "tag:github.com,2023:veraison/ear",
  6: 1666529184,
  1004: {
    0: "https://veraison-project.org",
    1: "vts 0.0.1"
  },
  1002: h'6C696665626F61746D616E',
  266: {
    "PSA_IOT": {
      1000: 0,
      1001: {
        0: 2,
        1: 2,
        2: 2,
        4: 2
      },
      1003: "https://veraison.example/policy/1/60a0068d",
      -70000: {
        "eat-profile": "http://arm.com/psa/2.0.0",
        "psa-client-id": 1,
        "psa-security-lifecycle": 12288,
        "psa-implementation-id":
          "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA=",
        "psa-software-components": [
          {
            "measurement-value":
              "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA=",
            "signer-id":
              "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA="
          },
          {
            "measurement-value":
              "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA=",
            "signer-id":
              "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA="
          }
        ],
        "psa-nonce":
          "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyA=",
        "psa-instance-id":
          "AQIDBAUGBwgJCgsMDQ4PEBESExQVFhcYGRobHB0eHyAh",
        "psa-certification-reference": "1234567890123-12345"
      },
      -70001: {
        "psa-certified": {
          "certificate-number": "1234567890123-12345",
          "date-of-issue": "23/06/2022",
          "test-lab": "Riscure",
          "certification-holder": "ACME Inc.",
          "certified-product": "RoadRunner",
          "hardware-version": "Gizmo v1.0.2",
          "software-version": "TrustedFirmware-M v1.0.6",
          "certification-type": "PSA Certified Level 1 v2.1",
          "developer-type": "PSA Certified – Device"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

6. Implementation Status

This section records the status of known implementations of the protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in [RFC7942]. The description of implementations in this section is intended to assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to RFCs. Please note that the listing of any individual implementation here does not imply endorsement by the IETF. Furthermore, no effort has been spent to verify the information presented here that was supplied by IETF contributors. This is not intended as, and must not be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their features. Readers are advised to note that other implementations may exist.¶

According to [RFC7942], "this will allow reviewers and working groups to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature. It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as they see fit".¶

6.1. Project Veraison

The organization responsible for this implementation is Project Veraison, a Linux Foundation project hosted at the Confidential Computing Consortium.¶

The organization currently provides two separate implementations: one in Golang another in C17.¶

The developers can be contacted on the Zulip channel: https://veraison.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/357929-EAR/.¶

6.1.1. `github.com/veraison/ear`

The software, hosted at https://github.com/veraison/ear, provides a Golang package that allows encoding, decoding, signing and verification of EAR payloads together with a CLI (arc) to create, verify and visualize EARs on the command line. The maturity level is currently alpha, and only the JWT serialization is implemented. The license is Apache 2.0. The package is used by the Project Veraison verifier to produce attestation results.¶

6.1.2. `github.com/veraison/c-ear`

The software, hosted at https://github.com/veraison/c-ear, provides a C17 library that allows verification and partial decoding of EAR payloads. The maturity level is currently pre-alpha, and only the JWT serialization is implemented. The license is Apache 2.0. The library targets relying party applications that need to verify attestation results.¶

6.1.3. `github.com/veraison/rust-ear`

The software, hosted at https://github.com/veraison/rust-ear, provides a Rust (2021 edition) library that allows verification and partial decoding of EAR payloads. The maturity level is currently pre-alpha, with limitted algorithm support. Both JWT and COSE serializations are implemented. The license is Apache 2.0. The library targets verifiers that need to produce attestation results as well as relying party applications that need to verify and consume attestation results.¶

9. IANA Considerations

9.1. New EAT Claims

This specification adds the following values to the "JSON Web Token Claims" registry [IANA.jwt] and the "CBOR Web Token Claims" registry [IANA.cwt].¶

Each entry below is an addition to both registries.¶

The "Claim Description", "Change Controller" and "Specification Documents" are common and equivalent for the JWT and CWT registries. The "Claim Key" and "Claim Value Types(s)" are for the CWT registry only. The "Claim Name" is as defined for the CWT registry, not the JWT registry. The "JWT Claim Name" is equivalent to the "Claim Name" in the JWT registry.¶

9.1.1. EAR Status

Claim Name: ear.status¶
Claim Description: EAR Status¶
JWT Claim Name: ear.status¶
Claim Key: 1000¶
Claim Value Type(s): unsigned integer (0, 2, 32, 96)¶
Change Controller: IESG¶
Specification Document(s): Section 3.2 of RFCthis¶

9.1.2. EAR Trustworthiness Vector

Claim Name: ear.trustworthiness-vector¶
Claim Description: EAR Trustworthiness Vector¶
JWT Claim Name: ear.trustworthiness-vector¶
Claim Key: 1001¶
Claim Value Type(s): map¶
Change Controller: IESG¶
Specification Document(s): Section 3.2.1 of RFCthis¶

9.1.3. EAR Raw Evidence

Claim Name: ear.raw-evidence¶
Claim Description: EAR Raw Evidence¶
JWT Claim Name: ear.raw-evidence¶
Claim Key: 1002¶
Claim Value Type(s): bytes¶
Change Controller: IESG¶
Specification Document(s): Section 3 of RFCthis¶

9.1.4. EAR Appraisal Policy Identifier

Claim Name: ear.appraisal-policy-id¶
Claim Description: EAR Appraisal Policy Identifier¶
JWT Claim Name: ear.appraisal-policy-id¶
Claim Key: 1003¶
Claim Value Type(s): text¶
Change Controller: IESG¶
Specification Document(s): Section 3.2 of RFCthis¶

9.1.5. EAR Verifier Software Identifier

Claim Name: ear.verifier-id¶
Claim Description: EAR Verifier Software Identifier¶
JWT Claim Name: ear.verifier-id¶
Claim Key: 1004¶
Claim Value Type(s): map¶
Change Controller: IESG¶
Specification Document(s): Section 3.1 of RFCthis¶

9.1.6. EAR TEEP Claims

TODO¶

10. References

10.1. Normative References

[I-D.ietf-rats-ar4si]: Voit, E., Birkholz, H., Hardjono, T., Fossati, T., and V. Scarlata, "Attestation Results for Secure Interactions", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-rats-ar4si-07, 2 September 2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-rats-ar4si-07>.
[I-D.ietf-rats-eat]: Lundblade, L., Mandyam, G., O'Donoghue, J., and C. Wallace, "The Entity Attestation Token (EAT)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-rats-eat-31, 6 September 2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-rats-eat-31>.
[I-D.ietf-rats-eat-media-type]: Lundblade, L., Birkholz, H., and T. Fossati, "EAT Media Types", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-rats-eat-media-type-12, 3 November 2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-rats-eat-media-type-12>.
[I-D.ietf-teep-protocol]: Tschofenig, H., Pei, M., Wheeler, D. M., Thaler, D., and A. Tsukamoto, "Trusted Execution Environment Provisioning (TEEP) Protocol", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-teep-protocol-20, 5 November 2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-teep-protocol-20>.
[RFC2119]: Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC4648]: Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings", RFC 4648, DOI 10.17487/RFC4648, October 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648>.
[RFC5280]: Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5280>.
[RFC7519]: Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Token (JWT)", RFC 7519, DOI 10.17487/RFC7519, May 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7519>.
[RFC8174]: Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[RFC8392]: Jones, M., Wahlstroem, E., Erdtman, S., and H. Tschofenig, "CBOR Web Token (CWT)", RFC 8392, DOI 10.17487/RFC8392, May 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8392>.
[RFC8610]: Birkholz, H., Vigano, C., and C. Bormann, "Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL): A Notational Convention to Express Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and JSON Data Structures", RFC 8610, DOI 10.17487/RFC8610, June 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8610>.
[STD94]: Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR)", STD 94, RFC 8949, DOI 10.17487/RFC8949, December 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949>.
[STD96]: Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE): Structures and Process", STD 96, RFC 9052, DOI 10.17487/RFC9052, August 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9052>.

10.2. Informative References

[IANA.cwt]: IANA, "CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims", <https://www.iana.org/assignments/cwt>.
[IANA.jwt]: IANA, "JSON Web Token (JWT)", <https://www.iana.org/assignments/jwt>.
[RFC4151]: Kindberg, T. and S. Hawke, "The 'tag' URI Scheme", RFC 4151, DOI 10.17487/RFC4151, October 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4151>.
[RFC7942]: Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running Code: The Implementation Status Section", BCP 205, RFC 7942, DOI 10.17487/RFC7942, July 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7942>.
[RFC9334]: Birkholz, H., Thaler, D., Richardson, M., Smith, N., and W. Pan, "Remote ATtestation procedureS (RATS) Architecture", RFC 9334, DOI 10.17487/RFC9334, January 2023, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9334>.

Appendix B. Open Policy Agent Example

Open Policy Agent OPA is a popular and flexible policy engine that is used in a variety of contexts, from cloud to IoT. OPA policies are written using a purpose-built, declarative programming language called Rego. Rego has been designed to handle JSON claim-sets and their JWT envelopes as first class objects, which makes it an excellent fit for dealing with JWT EARs.¶

The following example illustrates an OPA policy that a Relying Party would use to make decisions based on a JWT EAR received from a trusted verifier.¶

package ear

ear_appraisal = {
    "verified": signature_verified,
    "appraisal-status": status,
    "trustworthiness-vector": trust_vector,
} {
    # verify EAR signature is correct and from one of the known and
    # trusted verifiers
    signature_verified := io.jwt.verify_es256(
        input.ear_token,
        json.marshal(input.trusted_verifiers)
    )

    # extract the EAR claims-set
    [_, payload, _] := io.jwt.decode(input.ear_token)

    # access the attester-specific appraisal record
    app_rec := payload.submods.PARSEC_TPM
    status := app_rec["ear.status"] == "affirming"

    # extract the trustworhiness vector for further inspection
    trust_vector := app_rec["ear.trustworthiness-vector"]
}

# add further conditions on the trust_vector here
# ...

The result of the policy appraisal is the following JSON object:¶

{
    "ear_appraisal": {
        "appraisal-status": true,
        "trustworthiness-vector": {
            "executables": 2,
            "hardware": 2,
            "instance-identity": 2
        },
        "verified": true
    }
}

For completeness, the trusted verifier public key and the EAR JWT used in the example are provided below.¶

=============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================
{
    "ear_token": "eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJlYXIucmF3L\
WV2aWRlbmNlIjoiTnpRM01qWTVOek0yTlRZek56UUsiLCJlYXIudmVyaWZpZXItaWQiO\
nsiYnVpbGQiOiJ2dHMgMC4wLjEiLCJkZXZlbG9wZXIiOiJodHRwczovL3ZlcmFpc29uL\
XByb2plY3Qub3JnIn0sImVhdF9wcm9maWxlIjoidGFnOmdpdGh1Yi5jb20sMjAyMzp2Z\
XJhaXNvbi9lYXIiLCJpYXQiOjEuNjY2NTI5MTg0ZSswOSwianRpIjoiNTViOGIzZmFkO\
GRkMWQ4ZWFjNGU0OGYxMTdmZTUwOGIxMWY4NDRkOWYwMTg5YmZlZDliODc1MTVhNjc1N\
DI2NCIsIm5iZiI6MTY3NzI0Nzg3OSwic3VibW9kcyI6eyJQQVJTRUNfVFBNIjp7ImVhc\
i5hcHByYWlzYWwtcG9saWN5LWlkIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly92ZXJhaXNvbi5leGFtcGxlL3Bvb\
GljeS8xLzYwYTAwNjhkIiwiZWFyLnN0YXR1cyI6ImFmZmlybWluZyIsImVhci50cnVzd\
HdvcnRoaW5lc3MtdmVjdG9yIjp7ImV4ZWN1dGFibGVzIjoyLCJoYXJkd2FyZSI6Miwia\
W5zdGFuY2UtaWRlbnRpdHkiOjJ9LCJlYXIudmVyYWlzb24ua2V5LWF0dGVzdGF0aW9uI\
jp7ImFrcHViIjoiTUZrd0V3WUhLb1pJemowQ0FRWUlLb1pJemowREFRY0RRZ0FFY2pTc\
DhfTVdNM2d5OFR1Z1dPMVRwUVNqX3ZJa3NMcEMtZzhsNVMzbHBHYjdQV1dHb0NBakVQO\
F9BNTlWWndMWGd3b1p6TjBXeHVCUGpwYVdpV3NmQ1EifX19fQ.3Ym-f1LEgamxePUM7h\
6Y2RJDGh9eeL0xKor0n1wE9jdAnLNwm3rTKFV2S2LbqVFoDtK9QGalT2t5RnUdfwZNmg\
",
    "trusted_verifiers": {
        "keys": [
            {
                "alg": "ES256",
                "crv": "P-256",
                "kty": "EC",
                "x": "usWxHK2PmfnHKwXPS54m0kTcGJ90UiglWiGahtagnv8",
                "y": "IBOL-C3BttVivg-lSreASjpkttcsz-1rb7btKLv8EX4"
            }
        ]
    }
}